tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84775511634307384642024-03-14T01:46:04.251-03:00Florestas SecundáriasClaudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.comBlogger258125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-29324347907860173822023-06-11T18:23:00.001-03:002023-06-11T18:23:05.065-03:00Manual de Prática de Coleta e Herborização de Material Botânico - EMBRAPA<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgN-iR5qQi-ArrJzz4gF82LdGefxOBn5AakVeq0eLwMf4J_T2xIwlQkcb5dob_yNCUgScW1Rz44ZS2m-HXR7T0WXFGnjMtqp1J5PqGw4b2SO-0BoF2iHjemI0h1d0lVQcJkV3LNc66Mq6V_KvSfheVAZdfBRC5RwTusGBF5ixv8ASHauhhSFJjCMI5A" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="819" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgN-iR5qQi-ArrJzz4gF82LdGefxOBn5AakVeq0eLwMf4J_T2xIwlQkcb5dob_yNCUgScW1Rz44ZS2m-HXR7T0WXFGnjMtqp1J5PqGw4b2SO-0BoF2iHjemI0h1d0lVQcJkV3LNc66Mq6V_KvSfheVAZdfBRC5RwTusGBF5ixv8ASHauhhSFJjCMI5A" width="320" /></a></div><br />Pessoas,<p></p><p>Trago um manual da EMBRAPA sobre coleta e herborização de Material Botânico. Contém, entre muitas informações valiosas, um modelo de ficha de coleta de informações em campo.</p><p>(Foto de um momento bom para chamar a sua atenção).</p><p>Consulte no link abaixo:</p><p><a href="https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/315636/1/Doc173.pdf">Manual de Prática de Coleta e Herborização de Material Botânico</a></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-82153503890619394472023-01-08T08:00:00.002-03:002023-01-23T20:15:26.589-03:00ARTIGO HISTÓRICO: CONTAMINACAO POR CHUMBO NA SERRAPILHEIRA DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA TIJUCA - RJ (1988)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1a4dAf-QWeQy30bFPkOQEJkf0gIO7eV7x0RmGYesAeirKOCGzMGpOaCRQtVycasZUdbN65al4QagJ17wyfAdYbGV2P6C00EZ05F7KY8bjC2_5wk0VSvF0Qh1a6FMz0m7J4-So2KRXioy2Xp-b9X7h2rHzgsfdKwXvd2DIEvP9qlZiytFMyaXxFFd7" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="627" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1a4dAf-QWeQy30bFPkOQEJkf0gIO7eV7x0RmGYesAeirKOCGzMGpOaCRQtVycasZUdbN65al4QagJ17wyfAdYbGV2P6C00EZ05F7KY8bjC2_5wk0VSvF0Qh1a6FMz0m7J4-So2KRXioy2Xp-b9X7h2rHzgsfdKwXvd2DIEvP9qlZiytFMyaXxFFd7=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: center;">Foto: Cachoeira na Floresta da Tijuca. Claudio Santana, 2022.</div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p>Seguidoras e seguidores, Feliz 2023!</p><p>Voltando com nosso blog, trazemos um artigo histórico sobre uma funcionalidade importante de florestas urbanas: remoção de poluentes atmosféricos.</p><p>À época da publicação do artigo, em 1988, ainda acrescentava-se chumbo teatraetila à gasolina para aumentar sua octanagem. Os resíduos gerados constituíam um perigoso poluente, que tinha na serapilheira da Floresta da Tijuca, em sua vertente Norte, um surpreendente sumidouro e estoque destas moléculas.</p><p>Vale lembrar que a Vertente Norte do maciço da Tijuca é voltada para a região da cidade do Rio de Janeiro cuja bacia aérea é a que mais recebe a contribuição de poluentes atmosféricos, mesmo mais de 30 anos depois - embora o chumbo tetraetila não seja mais acrescentado à gasolina.</p><p>Leia esse artigo seminal da lavra do professor Rogério Oliveira, da PUC, com o luxuoso auxílio de Luiz Drude de Lacerda.</p><p>Abra e baixe o artigo no link abaixo:</p><p><a href="https://www.scielo.br/j/abb/a/CLCb3hd7JMSRqxC8ZfY4tCF/?format=pdf&lang=pt">CONTAMINACAO POR CHUMBO NA SERRAPILHEIRA DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA TIJUCA - RJ</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-38615168614197339932022-10-09T00:01:00.003-03:002022-10-09T10:55:41.521-03:00Árvore da semana: sansão-do-campo (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjl-eL7TKcJ0BhgZC7deJ2bkgFmpoJuEo6Jr15FsOpIHFqOR3S22N7m1SibjX30A6X5aHk2MJ8avGg4Hk_rhV9v8qlyS2Y5SnnyWqUDei7nXpLwMfPSKB3Hbob3wegKPnfm9L0PsxClNln5N9Hm7R-eiLdMMS-fCjDZr3SsxY7wFwPNE3KQ3oHZhgrq" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="1115" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjl-eL7TKcJ0BhgZC7deJ2bkgFmpoJuEo6Jr15FsOpIHFqOR3S22N7m1SibjX30A6X5aHk2MJ8avGg4Hk_rhV9v8qlyS2Y5SnnyWqUDei7nXpLwMfPSKB3Hbob3wegKPnfm9L0PsxClNln5N9Hm7R-eiLdMMS-fCjDZr3SsxY7wFwPNE3KQ3oHZhgrq=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dossel de reflorestamento dominado por sabiá. Morro dos Macaccos, RIo de Janeiro, 2015. Foto: Claudio Santana.</span></div><br />Em homenagem ao Dia do Nordestino (e da Nordestina também), comemorado neste último 8 de outubro, trazemos uma espécie típica da Caatinga, o único bioma exclusivamente situado no território brasileiro. <p></p><p>Também chamada sansão-do-campo, esta espécie está dispersa do Maranhão até a Bahia, muitas vezes cultivada por sua multiplicidade de usos. É mais comum em solos profundos. É espécie heliófila tolerante à sombra no início de sua vida.</p><p>Em áreas de encosta, onde foi muito utilizada para contenção de erosão na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, tende a apresentar raízes superficiais e com extensão indo muito além de sua copa. Eventualmente, em solos mais rasos, tende ao tombamento com o processo de senescência (ver fotos).</p><p>No estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde foi muito utilizada para recuperação de solos degradados na Região Metropolitana até o início dos anos 2000, ocorre como subespontânea. </p><p>Possui porte pequeno, via de regra não ultrapassando os 7 metros. O mais comum é apresentar padrão entouceirado, </p><p>Se presta à confecção de estacas, mourões, dormentes, lenha e carvão. A folhagem fresca ou seca é utilizada como forragem para o gado. Possui ciclos de corte de 3 a 4 anos. É útil em sistemas agroflorestais e na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Pode depositar até 10 toneladas/hectare/ano sobre o solo, trazendo proteção e fertilidade.</p><p>Em sua principal região de cultivo, no Ceará, a produção de estacas chega a ser a principal atividade econômica, ocupando o nicho aberto pelo declínio de culturas como o algodão. Produção média de 26,4 st.ha.ano-1, com variações de
18,91 st.ha.ano-1 a 33,08 st.ha.ano-1 , com a incorporação de uma renda extra
líquida equivalente a 4,4 salários mínimos, à época de um estudo realizado em 1999, no período
da seca (8 meses de estiagem).</p><p>Um de seus nomes comuns, sabiá, parece derivar da cor da casca, assemelhada à plumagem do popular sabiá, <i>Turdus rufiventris</i>, ave símbolo do Brasil (<a href="https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/decret_sn/2002/decreto-51564-3-outubro-2002-602027-publicacaooriginal-123470-pe.html" target="_blank">decreto de 3 de outubro de 2002</a>). Sabiá, em tupi-guarani, significa "a ave que reza muito".</p><p>As fotos foram coletadas em fontes diversas na internet. As fotos autorais estão indicadas.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimp01TnbbYqw2mpPusbnQyooSJtJPBhj4ojqcQyvLgoOwfUMiYIcOhpRgKhd3CS2mhtdrBMVp8qFx45tf7mVP1AgxGCcXA79V7JS6QHSVpd45OaC_pLY9P1CZxcGK0x-9oUlYfejL9-mJpJLySSyJvvtU5_0X3iSlAKDsjiaPYoE3tHXkqdS4cZiBc" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="1115" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimp01TnbbYqw2mpPusbnQyooSJtJPBhj4ojqcQyvLgoOwfUMiYIcOhpRgKhd3CS2mhtdrBMVp8qFx45tf7mVP1AgxGCcXA79V7JS6QHSVpd45OaC_pLY9P1CZxcGK0x-9oUlYfejL9-mJpJLySSyJvvtU5_0X3iSlAKDsjiaPYoE3tHXkqdS4cZiBc" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;">Tombamento de indivíduo de sabiá em reflorestamento de 20 anos de idade realizado no Morro dos macacos, Rio de Janeiro. Foto: Claudio Santana, 2018. </span><br /><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigomd_HqW0q85IXYeVKGqzz5Q4iwXzOHyYATGjBiRbGAVnYhBP1EPLHpLxxueA2BFtvpnNPOySNVrmRsZ5V3Wit-lFoBogHSqqrpCKy7ewnEskwimZQVbDQny3lN9jnrv5OB26575Mibbd03rnLMMTe6J1t3lsn2vujoC6AxE3q5XZIgiDMIVqE-9E" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="800" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigomd_HqW0q85IXYeVKGqzz5Q4iwXzOHyYATGjBiRbGAVnYhBP1EPLHpLxxueA2BFtvpnNPOySNVrmRsZ5V3Wit-lFoBogHSqqrpCKy7ewnEskwimZQVbDQny3lN9jnrv5OB26575Mibbd03rnLMMTe6J1t3lsn2vujoC6AxE3q5XZIgiDMIVqE-9E" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9cy7PauAobqRkCMrrSPtAQEO8zeRxJMCR4ZrsztJ7SBk1ftt-voB0Mx2Sgk6HnWJnArnE82cmr1pMxgL_7W9eof69WGYrfKAEEqQvFRBbDzteq5Rq_pxYyONlkidsc8vpObACNFdLkKpkbPFR8168HcoOr9IRiYG1kiqVy-Mr0Ha0hvOjnUfiat7_" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="184" data-original-width="274" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9cy7PauAobqRkCMrrSPtAQEO8zeRxJMCR4ZrsztJ7SBk1ftt-voB0Mx2Sgk6HnWJnArnE82cmr1pMxgL_7W9eof69WGYrfKAEEqQvFRBbDzteq5Rq_pxYyONlkidsc8vpObACNFdLkKpkbPFR8168HcoOr9IRiYG1kiqVy-Mr0Ha0hvOjnUfiat7_" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOJBE0yalYOk1p4JpuazrxMV_9glgBy-QlJgbwagTMcKvt88ICIc39mUuhhf_arPPmecbWcVfU_Hg7LYHGH2F2OqOxO7Hz1Xa_Tnz6LMeELVoL_qDa4h3HBweehmybjyOhWVA5ASun_JebZF1_ElYpkq2iOeL4hbrpMmYd_6E4BzUkMfJTxCfJgkPy" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="700" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOJBE0yalYOk1p4JpuazrxMV_9glgBy-QlJgbwagTMcKvt88ICIc39mUuhhf_arPPmecbWcVfU_Hg7LYHGH2F2OqOxO7Hz1Xa_Tnz6LMeELVoL_qDa4h3HBweehmybjyOhWVA5ASun_JebZF1_ElYpkq2iOeL4hbrpMmYd_6E4BzUkMfJTxCfJgkPy" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicibFimbe89Tansupu3t3IPJA861UHggBgQ8dvto1BseZpFOx4V4v670LKcYypZdDWU7-nLpHtB1jg5yVHhTWEzhvPCJhF-h7swlynhkS113H7u14tolYw4C68Ojhg8DIAUKetKKU71XKIkr23tK_Abm1IoQ5Uvx7FYpB-i15K-65UuX-W9rBNZ7wn" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicibFimbe89Tansupu3t3IPJA861UHggBgQ8dvto1BseZpFOx4V4v670LKcYypZdDWU7-nLpHtB1jg5yVHhTWEzhvPCJhF-h7swlynhkS113H7u14tolYw4C68Ojhg8DIAUKetKKU71XKIkr23tK_Abm1IoQ5Uvx7FYpB-i15K-65UuX-W9rBNZ7wn" width="180" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxTNR6iVFgpqHSAJt9pa62pL-cRItZ0Jd3n6LPGOq3QmPVbdV27EkFMq3jXMZcmqFNyanwWRQbM_C4SuEDqsKI48bgUM-QLl51tIG7iTI2Zq_o3Qhen17aURaeegrAiYUiHu0hZ__sLuEJTwI_lzxxZX7Ce407HwYSBGw3oroB7qU-71mN-ICiBfeC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2592" data-original-width="3456" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxTNR6iVFgpqHSAJt9pa62pL-cRItZ0Jd3n6LPGOq3QmPVbdV27EkFMq3jXMZcmqFNyanwWRQbM_C4SuEDqsKI48bgUM-QLl51tIG7iTI2Zq_o3Qhen17aURaeegrAiYUiHu0hZ__sLuEJTwI_lzxxZX7Ce407HwYSBGw3oroB7qU-71mN-ICiBfeC" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgg5SiblGIAR21H8SjtSSoD2PHLxhRF4rBildBykSuDhftCb2k6V7tpJCsQP_jXcJVT94Z8-IN7P8INhlzJgXV9IQRE7d3WWAjrOF8V0We9oY6_1vwXtTVdx951v4dZLrvyxVDoqxjvOLSaSe6q6LHKUsRiCeixa6KsBYxzWFygo5ugqeFVXfB-laNf" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgg5SiblGIAR21H8SjtSSoD2PHLxhRF4rBildBykSuDhftCb2k6V7tpJCsQP_jXcJVT94Z8-IN7P8INhlzJgXV9IQRE7d3WWAjrOF8V0We9oY6_1vwXtTVdx951v4dZLrvyxVDoqxjvOLSaSe6q6LHKUsRiCeixa6KsBYxzWFygo5ugqeFVXfB-laNf" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><b>Fontes</b>:</p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">ANDRADE, A.G.; FARIA, S.M. de Arquitetura e biomassa de raízes de Mimosa
caesalpiniifolia, Acacia mangium e Acacia holosericea com seis anos de idade
em planossolo. In: SIMPÓSIO NACIONAL DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS
DEGRADADAS, 3., 1997, Ouro Preto. Anais... Viçosa: SOBRADE;
UFV/DPS/DEF, 1997. p.144-149 </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/CNPF-2009-09/42348/1/Circular135.pdf" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, Georgia, serif;">CARVALHO, P. E. R. Sabiá (<i>Mimosa caesalpiniifolia</i>). Colombo: Embrapa Floresta, 2007. 10 p. (Circular Técnica 135).</a></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">LEAL JÚNIOR, G.; SILVA, J.A.; CAMPELLO, R.C.B. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 17.472px;">Proposta de manejo florestal sustentado do sabiá (<i style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 17.472px;">Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia</i> Benth)</span>, Crato: IBAMA, 1999. 15p. (Boletim Técnico, 3).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">RIZZINI, C.T. Árvores e madeiras úteis do Brasil</span><span style="background-color: white;">: manual de dendrologia brasileira. </span><span style="background-color: white;">Editora Blucher, 1 de jan. de 1978 - 312 páginas</span></span></p><p><a href="https://www.scielo.br/j/rbcs/a/cDx6GmKh3QYcpHX9x5zsdcx/?format=pdf&lang=pt" style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, Georgia, serif;">https://www.scielo.br/j/rbcs/a/cDx6GmKh3QYcpHX9x5zsdcx/?format=pdf&lang=pt</a></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #777777; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Georgia, serif;"><a href="https://www.floram.org/article/588e2248e710ab87018b4700/pdf/floram-2-único-125.pdf">https://www.floram.org/article/588e2248e710ab87018b4700/pdf/floram-2-único-125.pdf</a></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #777777; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Georgia, serif;"><a href="http://rubens-plantasdobrasil.blogspot.com/2011/12/mimosa-caesalpiniifolia-benth.html">http://rubens-plantasdobrasil.blogspot.com/2011/12/mimosa-caesalpiniifolia-benth.html</a></span></span></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-88829344741645373572022-09-11T23:13:00.032-03:002022-09-12T09:32:41.838-03:00Árvore da semana: Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDzT5nrbfRavkYG5_1umCJrHNqSNMbwYNoXoBhYXnkbuUqTAQk_vEpzSGMqKupeVr3bgfvXeSZ8SPOj0xM2ITj1lnIKo7rViw-qGWXdvdokg09nMElba4VV8uwu7zUAl0evJ9N3xKTzDvyDcl1bE-nWkSjfBabWtusl94fo0HEKVYkjmHZoTnx2agL/s4000/IMG_20220217_102500.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="2992" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDzT5nrbfRavkYG5_1umCJrHNqSNMbwYNoXoBhYXnkbuUqTAQk_vEpzSGMqKupeVr3bgfvXeSZ8SPOj0xM2ITj1lnIKo7rViw-qGWXdvdokg09nMElba4VV8uwu7zUAl0evJ9N3xKTzDvyDcl1bE-nWkSjfBabWtusl94fo0HEKVYkjmHZoTnx2agL/s320/IMG_20220217_102500.jpg" width="239" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Jatobá, em tupi-guarani, significa "árvore do fruto duro" (1). O gênero <i>Hymenaea </i>ocorre do México só Sul do Brasil. O jatobá mais conhecido é <i>Hymenaea courbaril,</i> mas o gênero possui 18 espécies no Brasil (2).</div><div><br /></div><div>Seu fruto indeiscente possui polpa farinácea comestível e nutritiva. A seiva é reputada como medicinal. A madeira é de boa qualidade e usada para finalidades nobres, como movelaria e pisos finos (3).</div><div><br /></div><div>Os indivíduos mais altos chegam a 40 metros de altura (5).</div><div><br /></div><div>Os povos indígenas utilizam o jatobá para a confecção de Canoas (3).</div><div><br /></div><div><div>As flores são polinizadas por morcegos, e os frutos maduros são muito apreciados por roedores, aves e macacos, que dispetsam as sementes, que muitas vezes germinam ainda dentro dos frutos (3).</div></div><div><br /></div><div>O gênero <i>Hymenaea </i>foi atribuído pelo próprio Lineu, baseado em Himeneu, deus grego das uniões, em referência aos dois folíolos soldados (4).</div><div><br /></div><div>As fotos do magnífico exemplar aqui apresentadas foram tomadas pelo autor da postagem em 17/02/2022, no Horto do Museu Nacional.</div><div><br /></div><div>Fontes:</div><div><br /></div><div>(1)<a href="https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/231730/1/Especies-Arboreas-Brasileiras-vol-1-Jatoba.pdf"> https://bdor.sibi.ufrj.br/bitstream/doc/429/1/380%20PDF%20-%20OCR%20-%20RED.pdf</a></div><div><br /></div><div>(2) <a href="https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB22971">https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB22971</a></div><div><br /></div><div>(3) <a href="https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/408645/jatoba-hymenaea-courbaril">https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/408645/jatoba-hymenaea-courbaril</a></div><div><br /></div><div>(4) <a href="https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/231730/1/Especies-Arboreas-Brasileiras-vol-1-Jatoba.pdf">https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/231730/1/Especies-Arboreas-Brasileiras-vol-1-Jatoba.pdf</a></div><div><br /></div><div>(5) <a href="http://www.remade.com.br/madeiras-exoticas/189/madeiras-brasileiras-e-exoticas/jatoba">http://www.remade.com.br/madeiras-exoticas/189/madeiras-brasileiras-e-exoticas/jatoba</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhzOW4u_X3ZA0kYfQ9Rx96D9rxgTqhNJwA4sfCF2eHvHJXwwGGEpyMD2XIlpvsgGmeranV-GYqPA4TjbCTURm_Jq3b-55j66ZFq7kpA0r4K7D9QSBsi33GbnvDmDrKg7VCwmEW3a2SksqCQ9bXdUqe9bYgw-UoyCpjCoi9Nx81XH0e6kAwbx9mrZs41" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="207" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhzOW4u_X3ZA0kYfQ9Rx96D9rxgTqhNJwA4sfCF2eHvHJXwwGGEpyMD2XIlpvsgGmeranV-GYqPA4TjbCTURm_Jq3b-55j66ZFq7kpA0r4K7D9QSBsi33GbnvDmDrKg7VCwmEW3a2SksqCQ9bXdUqe9bYgw-UoyCpjCoi9Nx81XH0e6kAwbx9mrZs41=w244-h296" width="244" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Conta-se que em um jantar servido durante sua visita ao Brasil em 1968, a rainha Elizabeth II, falecida hoje, em 08 de setembro de 2022, encantou-se com o sorvete de bacuri, a ponto de levar para casa latas de polpa dessa fruta.</span></div></div><p>O bacuri tem por nome científico <i>Platonia insignis </i>Martius, sendo, como se vê, nomeado pelo próprio Karl Friedrich Phillip Von Martius, autor da soberba <i>Flora Brasiliensis. </i>Pertence à família Clusiaceae.</p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">O bacuri é uma fruta amazônica, com ocorrência que se estende ainda a a parte do Cerrado, ocupando os estados de <span style="background-color: white;">Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Roraima, Tocantins, Maranhão e Piauí.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">O nome bacuri possui várias hipóteses de origem, mas todas se relacionam ao rápido amadurecimento e a seu uso como alimento.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">Além da polpa, também a casca do fruto pode se prestar como alimento ou fonte de extração de essências alimentícias. As sementes fornecem um óleo com diversas utilidades. O farelo das sementes após a extração do óleo é usado na alimentação animal. Por fim, sua madeira é considerada de alta qualidade.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">A espécie é manejada de forma extrativista, mas tem potencial para a formação de pomares, inclusive em áreas degradadas.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtJ_kbXsWIEJvsH6PkYXdSVG1zmLt-H9C00V0CaGVXTGrr887eX5hIBop7HQdgsg-YriOIhJerMzERm9jZFha1x6-pxjLNXzWd7yLQg3-0WBLT8Ou4OlaqoFwu35tJkW8cnLwaNi032DPG4rEyeQwjOBbjgUaxtD9hiEzujnB7x0Vzgl_OoD7zGQEu" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="876" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtJ_kbXsWIEJvsH6PkYXdSVG1zmLt-H9C00V0CaGVXTGrr887eX5hIBop7HQdgsg-YriOIhJerMzERm9jZFha1x6-pxjLNXzWd7yLQg3-0WBLT8Ou4OlaqoFwu35tJkW8cnLwaNi032DPG4rEyeQwjOBbjgUaxtD9hiEzujnB7x0Vzgl_OoD7zGQEu" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4JRFDD9i9IshKl9TnWviOfZoOp1yl_AJQOdA3Jqj37cst5jsFIDi8xfLTJbPayAUA9My8MHOSW9COi0bIy9KHwCitFXRc2uT4OyrdJew5LnGRVv2xtXvqxRsJKYI8XTK6rwxZT3Q_OQ7zTyPVWs7Du3hHZloP1aEpEoNzSjZTvqCxA_EDO7VrPZgW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3473" data-original-width="3472" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj4JRFDD9i9IshKl9TnWviOfZoOp1yl_AJQOdA3Jqj37cst5jsFIDi8xfLTJbPayAUA9My8MHOSW9COi0bIy9KHwCitFXRc2uT4OyrdJew5LnGRVv2xtXvqxRsJKYI8XTK6rwxZT3Q_OQ7zTyPVWs7Du3hHZloP1aEpEoNzSjZTvqCxA_EDO7VrPZgW" width="240" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjY2BRRuEMsHS5IVdZqzgiYtnyVSdLu1rEnFf4FFpYMHpmr2cIznkn4BQwaAc8NKk9-wt39lQN7nR9odm8qsKmxsXIyPWZnydow2EtdBMuhH6sRKSZI59wgzucrfOKl1WLtvCTeKueI8TpX9wx8VbDhtDUgrFaD5H6tQ3JXXp4zVq7ek7mDOBqyUHc" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="862" data-original-width="864" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjY2BRRuEMsHS5IVdZqzgiYtnyVSdLu1rEnFf4FFpYMHpmr2cIznkn4BQwaAc8NKk9-wt39lQN7nR9odm8qsKmxsXIyPWZnydow2EtdBMuhH6sRKSZI59wgzucrfOKl1WLtvCTeKueI8TpX9wx8VbDhtDUgrFaD5H6tQ3JXXp4zVq7ek7mDOBqyUHc" width="241" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeZjfyan-Duv3TRW6FgM7RtcM0Z1UsHtiHWILGgrwEoXG9yW-Wzw39WIptA0XBpZRRi5khGPCnYQ0tMrL9YLzcGnKC9d-y3AFzFebTakR43J-w0SMxN-5NRT6QjyFEVerGjc17KU2yeIv00iUU8myLZJA8Ay0GbHATRCpsH8ExGDrw9V6itGvpnf5D/s864/301447063.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="862" data-original-width="864" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeZjfyan-Duv3TRW6FgM7RtcM0Z1UsHtiHWILGgrwEoXG9yW-Wzw39WIptA0XBpZRRi5khGPCnYQ0tMrL9YLzcGnKC9d-y3AFzFebTakR43J-w0SMxN-5NRT6QjyFEVerGjc17KU2yeIv00iUU8myLZJA8Ay0GbHATRCpsH8ExGDrw9V6itGvpnf5D/s320/301447063.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimjfU0w1NbrrN7l_qww03G_8hjBdWnRCbWDDahtpXixXf-XFqGLdhZkG8qV3V8gysoi4JAtyJwqDQTYtjtl-JJ3ISwn-TcgofJ31dsQI7ALglf4zTtDxt5t76P0fw9DkrW1tEDA69GgnLuJbqgJJtQ4R00e2CmVaCEJ_fTuxQOPUQCpJAfQINt-TFy" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="640" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimjfU0w1NbrrN7l_qww03G_8hjBdWnRCbWDDahtpXixXf-XFqGLdhZkG8qV3V8gysoi4JAtyJwqDQTYtjtl-JJ3ISwn-TcgofJ31dsQI7ALglf4zTtDxt5t76P0fw9DkrW1tEDA69GgnLuJbqgJJtQ4R00e2CmVaCEJ_fTuxQOPUQCpJAfQINt-TFy" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Fontes:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.embrapa.br/contando-ciencia/arvores/-/asset_publisher/Zd2bjD3HpAAC/content/o-bacuri-ja-deixou-ate-a-rainha-com-agua-na-boca/1355746?inheritRedirect=false">https://www.embrapa.br/contando-ciencia/arvores/-/asset_publisher/Zd2bjD3HpAAC/content/o-bacuri-ja-deixou-ate-a-rainha-com-agua-na-boca/1355746?inheritRedirect=false</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/1109010/1/Bacuriofrutoamazonico.pdf">https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/1109010/1/Bacuriofrutoamazonico.pdf</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1096245/1/BacuriPROCISUR.pdf">https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1096245/1/BacuriPROCISUR.pdf</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/50161/1/fd490001.pdf">https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/50161/1/fd490001.pdf</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-imagens/-/midia/5093001/bacuri-no-laboratorio-aberto">https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-imagens/-/midia/5093001/bacuri-no-laboratorio-aberto</a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://servicos.jbrj.gov.br/flora/search/Platonia_insignis">http://servicos.jbrj.gov.br/flora/search/Platonia_insignis</a></div></div><p><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/189688/1/Livro-Nordeste-1-2018.pdf">https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/189688/1/Livro-Nordeste-1-2018.pdf</a></span></p><br /><br /><p></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-55951822042660673112021-09-05T10:38:00.002-03:002021-09-05T10:40:04.294-03:00Relatório Técnico FEEMA, 1987 - Primórdios do reflorestamento na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tpVbqgaPJ_A/YTTE7qCUsUI/AAAAAAAAEiA/eJscqewNo2Q39eStsi4o6Qv5ae8ndAGSACLcBGAsYHQ/s836/IMG_20200117_131237250_HDR%2Bdossel%252C%2Breflorestamento%2BFormiga.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="836" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tpVbqgaPJ_A/YTTE7qCUsUI/AAAAAAAAEiA/eJscqewNo2Q39eStsi4o6Qv5ae8ndAGSACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/IMG_20200117_131237250_HDR%2Bdossel%252C%2Breflorestamento%2BFormiga.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">Dossel de reflorestamento, Morro da Formiga, 2020. Foto: Claudio Santana</span></div></div><p></p><p> Pessoas,</p><p>Trago aqui um registro histórico. O Relatório Técnico da FEEMA de 1987, escrito pelo biólogo Henrique Ferreira Martins, contendo toda a história do reflorestamento na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, desde os primórdios com o Major Archer até o ano de 1985, anterior ao início dos oprogramas atualmente em curso.</p><p>Baixe o material clicando no nome do arquivo ao lado: <a href="https://abrir.link/H38s4">Martins, H.F. 1987. Relatório técnico para avaliação dos projetos de reflorestamento no município do Rio de Janeiro.</a></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-56300913442465248462021-09-05T10:11:00.010-03:002021-09-05T10:13:00.217-03:00Dissertação de 2014 sobre evolução estrutural de um reflorestamento urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-dtETG6i1r2Q/YTTBwrZivsI/AAAAAAAAEhc/olqqU0E8NmYIFGuB1DeOMsGWaiNXCwuLwCLcBGAsYHQ/Floresta%2BSerra%2Bde%2BInhoa%25C3%25ADba%252C%2Bvertente%2BSul%252C%2B2009.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="836" height="300" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-dtETG6i1r2Q/YTTBwrZivsI/AAAAAAAAEhc/olqqU0E8NmYIFGuB1DeOMsGWaiNXCwuLwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/Floresta%2BSerra%2Bde%2BInhoa%25C3%25ADba%252C%2Bvertente%2BSul%252C%2B2009.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: center;">Vertente sul, Serra do Cantagalo, 2009. Foto: Claudio Santana.</div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p>Pessoas,</p><p>Trago aqui uma bela dissertação de Ana Elena Muller, em que atributos estruturais de florestas secundárias e de reflorestamentos de restauração, a fim de avaliar a evolução e o sucessos destes últimos. </p><p>Leia e veja que a restauração florestal é possível.</p><p>Baixe o artigo aqui: <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WMJwA74Jv5qqmg0OLJeb-DSv_Do5qmCT/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Avaliação de uma Floresta Atlântica urbana em restauração: da ecologia às questões sociais</a></p><p><br /></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-89927530358266035392021-06-24T21:58:00.002-03:002021-06-24T21:59:22.221-03:00Artigo sobre aplicação prática da Ecologia da Restauração.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-N5BJIyeUk9w/YNUpe0HGkJI/AAAAAAAAEfQ/R8zRQ59Pd28UeFlEcrhyDDASr-liH7QjACLcBGAsYHQ/IMG_20200909_102105780%2Bregenera%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2Bnatural%2Bsob%2Bgameleira%252C%2BIlha%2Bdo%2BGovernador%252C%2B2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="836" height="300" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-N5BJIyeUk9w/YNUpe0HGkJI/AAAAAAAAEfQ/R8zRQ59Pd28UeFlEcrhyDDASr-liH7QjACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/IMG_20200909_102105780%2Bregenera%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2Bnatural%2Bsob%2Bgameleira%252C%2BIlha%2Bdo%2BGovernador%252C%2B2020.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span> </span><span>Regeneração natural é um indicador de sucesso da restauração ecológica. Aqui vemos este processo acontecendo em floresta natural, podendo ser utilizado como referência para o monitoramento de áreas restauradas. Foto: Claudio Santana, 2020.</span></span><br /> <p></p><p>A Ecologia da Restauração é a base teórica da Restauração Ecológica. Desde os primeiros teóricos da sucessão, como Clements e Gleason com suas teorias concorrentes de monoclímax e policlímax, respectivamente, passando por Whittaker e a teoria do clímax padrão, até chegarmos às Regras de Montagem de Diamond e a Teoria dos Estados estáveis Alternativos de Jackson, muitos ajudaram a tecer o arcabouço acadêmico norteador das atividades práticas da restauração. </p><p>Nesse artigo de Vera Lex Engel e Renata Evangelista de Oliveira, são mostrados 52 indicadores de vários tipos - físicos e
estruturais, de biodiversidade, de serviços ambientais, de processos ecológicos, econômicos e sociais - capazes de mostrar o sucesso da restauração. </p><p>Baixe o artigo clicando no título abaixo:</p><h1 class="page_title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); line-height: 30px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.scientiaplena.org.br/sp/article/view/3539" target="_blank">Indicadores de monitoramento da restauração na Floresta Atlântica e atributos para ecossistemas restaurados</a></span></h1><p><br /></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-57087563040985381892021-06-22T21:53:00.005-03:002021-06-22T21:58:17.767-03:00Artigo sobre espécies estruturantes - Salomão et. al., 2019<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-G0vtkjEm_Ek/YNKFX9rbfOI/AAAAAAAAEeg/i0MKkFBaOHsXDOnHnETbBtN0afHpMXuEgCLcBGAsYHQ/IMG_20200117_131237250_HDR%2Bdossel%252C%2Breflorestamento%2BFormiga.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="836" height="300" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-G0vtkjEm_Ek/YNKFX9rbfOI/AAAAAAAAEeg/i0MKkFBaOHsXDOnHnETbBtN0afHpMXuEgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/IMG_20200117_131237250_HDR%2Bdossel%252C%2Breflorestamento%2BFormiga.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Reflorestamento do Morro da Formiga. Foto: Claudio Santana, 2020.</span><p></p><p><br /></p><p>O conceito de espécies estruturantes é próximo do de espécies-chave, porém enfatizando aspectos de estrutura comunitária e funcionalidade, diferenciando-o dos aspectos ecológicos e de associação com a fauna. Tem sido bastante estudado nas restaurações desenvolvidas em mineração de bauxita no Norte do Brasil.</p><p>Este artigo apresenta metodologia para seleção de espécies estruturantes, com base em índices fitossociológicos que representam a capacidade das espécies em ocupar terreno e retomar processos ecológicos ao longo do tempo.</p><p>Baixe o artigo no link abaixo:</p><p><a href="https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BRJD/article/view/1031/902" target="_blank">Espécies estruturantes para a restauração florestal de áreas mineradas </a></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-70129505093228292472020-12-23T22:23:00.002-03:002020-12-23T22:23:30.694-03:00ÁRVORES DE NATAL BRASILEIRAS: NOSSAS CONÍFERAS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-V_rwgm5fzeM/X-PisdEGVUI/AAAAAAAAEaA/cJM6OsKQlokQ-4tt1ly3pb7riTrfAdANwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-V_rwgm5fzeM/X-PisdEGVUI/AAAAAAAAEaA/cJM6OsKQlokQ-4tt1ly3pb7riTrfAdANwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Araucaria angustifolia</i>, (Bert.) Kunz., Araucariaceae </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Zw3aMUAAYIE/X-PkZxCbXeI/AAAAAAAAEaM/1n6ikNFkaoIR0_Az0eXRZI2kJTLOovNJACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="782" height="307" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Zw3aMUAAYIE/X-PkZxCbXeI/AAAAAAAAEaM/1n6ikNFkaoIR0_Az0eXRZI2kJTLOovNJACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h307/image.png" width="400" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><i style="font-size: small;">Araucaria angustifolia</i><span style="font-size: small;">, (Bert.) Kunz., Araucariaceae - estróbilos femininos</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-MInBDTUk_4Q/X-PkpL6LuiI/AAAAAAAAEaQ/tQvsnZHit8IoVzJjarQu7QnysgYiz_ONwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="773" height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-MInBDTUk_4Q/X-PkpL6LuiI/AAAAAAAAEaQ/tQvsnZHit8IoVzJjarQu7QnysgYiz_ONwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" width="309" /></a></div><i style="font-size: small;">Araucaria angustifolia</i><span style="font-size: small;">, (Bert.) Kunz., Araucariaceae - estróbilos masculinos</span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-YVOSt7tfqmc/X-PgZlDO_-I/AAAAAAAAEZQ/3N6yEJ4QNKUZf6GysQ2BMM8naXTUN9tIwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-YVOSt7tfqmc/X-PgZlDO_-I/AAAAAAAAEZQ/3N6yEJ4QNKUZf6GysQ2BMM8naXTUN9tIwCLcBGAsYHQ/w301-h400/image.png" width="301" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Podocarpus lambertii</i>, Klotsch. ex, Endl,, Podocarpaceae</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-L7lchHXGrHY/X-PhMGcbDKI/AAAAAAAAEZc/3cPOdPv6rx4q-mhRod29zJgBgxsAve4PgCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="800" height="293" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-L7lchHXGrHY/X-PhMGcbDKI/AAAAAAAAEZc/3cPOdPv6rx4q-mhRod29zJgBgxsAve4PgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h293/image.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Podocarpus lambertii</i>, Klotsch. ex, Endl, Podocarpaceae - detalhe do ramo e frutos</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-oSOClcp-zHk/X-Ph85lQeLI/AAAAAAAAEZw/fRdX39zcspgqhvgxsOvJYXtnHrRKV4blwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="522" height="400" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-oSOClcp-zHk/X-Ph85lQeLI/AAAAAAAAEZw/fRdX39zcspgqhvgxsOvJYXtnHrRKV4blwCLcBGAsYHQ/w348-h400/image.png" width="348" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Podocarpus sellowii</i>, Klotsch. ex, Endl, Podocarpaceae</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-k3cb_rdkmu0/X-PhYP--0zI/AAAAAAAAEZg/LPWlg1IkjiQhxoiTcrewolVEol7VH9KowCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="300" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-k3cb_rdkmu0/X-PhYP--0zI/AAAAAAAAEZg/LPWlg1IkjiQhxoiTcrewolVEol7VH9KowCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/image.png" width="400" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Podocarpus sellowii</i>, Klotsch. ex, Endl, Podocarpaceae - detalhe do ramo e frutos</span></div></i><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">É Natal, e tradicionalmente decoramos nossa casa com uma árvore de
Natal, em geral uma versão estilizada e artificial de um pinheiro europeu ou
asiático, dos gêneros <i>Pinus, Thuya </i>ou <i>Juniperus</i>.
Mas o que muita gente não sabe é que o Brasil possui três espécies de
pinheiros. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pinheiro é o nome genérico para espécies de Gimnospermas (sementes
desnudas) do grupo das Coníferas, ou árvores de folhas estreitas. São espécies
primitivas que dominam climas mais frios, e já estiveram mais presentes em
nossas paragens de Pindorama em tempos imemoriais. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;">O pinheiro nativo mais conhecido é a <i>Araucaria angustifolia, </i>o pinheiro-do-Paraná ou araucária. Espécie que teve grande importância econômica até meados do século XX, dada a grande qualidade de sua madeira, o declínio das populações com viabilidade comercial deixou a espécie perigosamente perto da extinção, situação da qual a araucária ainda não se afastou. A araucária fornece o pinhão, fonte importante de alimentação no sul do Brasil e sustento indispensável á fauna, em especial à ave símbolo do estado do Paraná, a gralha-azul (</span></o:p><i style="font-size: large;">Cyanocorax caeruleus</i><span style="font-size: large;">).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-wtxETj9bwO4/X-PoZ5D8GrI/AAAAAAAAEag/60sleY3a8vkgFyz5lMtk4PPKleefxLJPACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="310" data-original-width="310" height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-wtxETj9bwO4/X-PoZ5D8GrI/AAAAAAAAEag/60sleY3a8vkgFyz5lMtk4PPKleefxLJPACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: medium;">A araucária distribuía-se originalmente nos estados do Sul - Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná - e do Sudeste - São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro, especialmente em locais de maior altitude. É característica de climas mais frios, já dominou um território muito maior e pesquisas mostram que sua distribuição ancestral esteve muito ligada aos deslocamentos das populações pré-cabralinas.</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>Os pinheiros-bravos, <i>Podocarpus lambertii </i>e <i>Podocarpus sellowii, </i>são bem menos famosos do que a prima araucária. </span><span>No entanto, são igualmente importantes do ponto de vista ecológico, tanto por comporem a estrutura das Florestas de Araucária, quanto por igualmente servirem como recurso alimentar para a fauna. São de dispersão mais ampla dos que a araucária, sendo que <i>P. lambertii </i>distribui-se por estados do Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul, chegando à Argentina, e <i>P. sellowii </i>inclui, além das regiões citadas, a ocorrência também na região Centro-Oeste.</span><span><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">As coníferas brasileiras são testemunhos de um clima mais frio e seco em todo o planeta, em um tempo em que as florestas tropicais possuíam área de ocorrência inferior à atual, e predominavam fisionomias semelhantes a campos e a cerrados. É importante conhecê-las.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Sugestões de consulta:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Podocarpus%20sellowii">http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Podocarpus%20sellowii</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Podocarpus%20lambertii">http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Podocarpus%20lambertii</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://www.cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Araucaria%20angustifolia">http://www.cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Araucaria%20angustifolia</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">As imagens foram tomadas sem finalidade lucrativa nas seguintes fontes: https://sites.unicentro.br, www.ufrgs.br e Wikipedia. A gralha azul foi tomada no site Wikiaves.</p></div></div><p></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-26715319751722874512020-11-07T15:04:00.003-03:002021-06-22T21:59:05.927-03:00Base de Dados de Densidade da Madeira<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UyvBneium4Y/X6bhMp7XjqI/AAAAAAAAEXg/At-0RtGrpi0jbMiGGFmmVTekd6pH5aAnACLcBGAsYHQ/s1920/DSCN4662%2Bangico%2Bno%2Bdossel.%2BItagua%25C3%25AD%252C%2B2013..JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UyvBneium4Y/X6bhMp7XjqI/AAAAAAAAEXg/At-0RtGrpi0jbMiGGFmmVTekd6pH5aAnACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h225/DSCN4662%2Bangico%2Bno%2Bdossel.%2BItagua%25C3%25AD%252C%2B2013..JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /> Olá, pessoas.<p></p><p>Muitas vezes nos deparamos com situações em que precisamos saber a densidade de espécies florestais. Para isso existe um grande banco de dados global sobre o assunto: a plataforma Global Wood Density Database. É possível baixar uma grande planilha Excel com dados separados, muitas vezes, por região, o que é bastante conveniente.</p><p>Acesse aqui: <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.234">https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.234</a></p><p><br /></p><h4 class="o-heading__level3-file-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: KievitWeb; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px;"><br /></h4><p>. </p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-2704941687441487612020-09-27T21:51:00.005-03:002020-11-07T15:06:55.152-03:00ARTIGO: LANDSCAPE RESTORATION, NATURAL REGENERATION, AND THE FORESTS OF THE FUTURE<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-a4HAdWKY_lQ/X3EzD0dlj5I/AAAAAAAAEWg/KBD2uSBc4os1IEobOPjd7AIy8FBl8mQPQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1207/capoeirinha%2Bjuiz%2Bde%2Bfora.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="1207" height="306" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-a4HAdWKY_lQ/X3EzD0dlj5I/AAAAAAAAEWg/KBD2uSBc4os1IEobOPjd7AIy8FBl8mQPQCLcBGAsYHQ/w467-h306/capoeirinha%2Bjuiz%2Bde%2Bfora.jpg" width="467" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Regeneração florestal. Foto: Claudio Santana, 2006.</span></div></div></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Olá pessoas,</span></p><p>Apresento artigo da eminente professora Robin Chazdon, que trata de restauração florestal em larga escala, e do quanto o favorecimento dos processos de regeneração natural podem liberar recursos financeiros para restaurar as áreas mais críticas.</p><p>Leia o artigo no link abaixo:</p><p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319070051_Landscape_Restoration_Natural_Regeneration_and_the_Forests_of_the_Future" target="_blank">Landscape restoration, natural regeneration, and the forests of future.</a><br /></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-77286192788776195772020-09-27T21:36:00.008-03:002020-11-07T15:06:23.821-03:00ARTIGO: RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN TROPICAL FOREST RESTORATION<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-aE1s-3NvbPI/X3EvttibGiI/AAAAAAAAEWA/RwqqDAktku0yCSkvlvsAnIQHLLQDkwG_wCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="836" height="343" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-aE1s-3NvbPI/X3EvttibGiI/AAAAAAAAEWA/RwqqDAktku0yCSkvlvsAnIQHLLQDkwG_wCLcBGAsYHQ/w457-h343/image.png" width="457" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Clareira em floresta urbana. Foto: Claudio Santana, 2019.</span></div><p></p><p>Olá pessoas.</p><p>Trago um artigo da lavra da grande pesquisadora Karen Holl, a respeito da tomada de decisão sobre a restauração florestal tropical.</p><p>E como a pesquisa em restauração deve ser direcionada a questões práticas.</p><p>Baixe o arquivo no link abaixo:</p><p><a href=" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319070703_Research_Directions_in_Tropical_Forest_Restoration" target="_blank">Research Directions in Tropical Forest Restoration</a></p><p><br /></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-81227075609998143442020-08-21T22:36:00.000-03:002020-08-21T22:36:30.202-03:00O BRASIL TEM UM TESOURO: 26 MILHÕES DE HECTARES DE FLORESTAS SECUNDÁRIAS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nnGPHxe8xnk/X0B2FZdVguI/AAAAAAAAEUQ/j7YJE2Tl96wFviN1ag8EQyrAOjZCldLmwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_20190426_094312362.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="384" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nnGPHxe8xnk/X0B2FZdVguI/AAAAAAAAEUQ/j7YJE2Tl96wFviN1ag8EQyrAOjZCldLmwCLcBGAsYHQ/w512-h384/IMG_20190426_094312362.jpg" width="512" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rio de Janeiro, Campo Grande, 2018. Autor: Claudio Santana</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Florestas secundárias são fundamentais na prestação de inúmeros serviços ambientais; Estudo recém-publicado na revista Nature revela que estas florestas sucessionais são capazes de estocar mais de 784 milhões de toneladas de carbono atmosférico. No entanto, estas florestas também sofrem com o desmatamento, tendo perdido 40% mais área em relação às florestas maduras, resultado da ausência de normativas legais de proteção.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Leia o estudo no link abaixo:</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00600-4.pdf" target="_blank">Benchmark maps of 33 years of
secondary forest age for Brazil </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-7516741298792659172020-08-05T19:49:00.005-03:002020-08-05T20:26:46.581-03:00ÁRVORE DA QUARENTENA: PINDAÍBA - OUTRA ESPÉCIE DA MATA DO CAMBOATÁ<div style="text-align: center;"> <img alt="Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hil. | Árvores do Bioma Cerrado" height="743" src="https://www.arvoresdobiomacerrado.com.br/site/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Xylopia-sericea-1.2.jpg" style="text-align: left;" width="499" /></div><div style="text-align: center;">http://www.arvoresdobiomacerrado.com.br/site/2017/04/03/xylopia-seria-a-st-hil/</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Xylopia sericea | Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hil. ANNONACEAE Loca… | Flickr" height="281" 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" 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ANNONACEAE Loca… | Flickr" height="281" 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" 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ANNONACEAE Loca… | Flickr" height="243" 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" width="324" /></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";"><span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span><font color="#333333" face=""><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>https://www.flickr.com/photos/mercadanteweb/5368046697</font></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";"><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Xylopia sericea - Wikipedia" height="223" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Xylopia_sericea_fruits.jpg" width="335" /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";"><span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span><span><span><font color="#333333" face=""><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylopia_sericea#/media/File:Xylopia_sericea_fruits.jpg</font></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";"><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";"><span><span>Plantae → Magnoliopsida→ Magnoliales→ </span></span><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">Annonaceae</b><span><span>→ </span></span><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><i>Xylopia sericea </i>A. St. Hil.</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Diversas espécies do gênero <i>Xylopia </i>são chamadas pindaíba. Quero destacar aqui a espécie <i>Xylopia sericea</i>, encontrada, dentre outros lugares, na Floresta do Camboatá, Rio de Janeiro, em locais sujeitos a inundação periódica.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A pindaíba é uma espécie pioneira, de ampla dispersão no território nacional. Geralmente é associada a margens de cursos d'água ou trechos muito úmidos de floresta. Não é encontrada em áreas fortemente degradadas, mas principalmente naquelas sujeitas a perturbações naturais.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">De suas folhas e frutos é extraído um óleo com grande potencial acaricida. Seus frutos podem substituir a pimenta-do-reino. A madeira serve para usos menores, mas diz-se fornecer bons mastros para embarcações. Também era utilizada na construção dos carros de boi que transportavam o açúcar dos engenhos para o mercado consumidor, no período colonial; era usada numa peça específica chamada canzil, uma vara comprida.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A árvore se presta à arborização de pastagens e à recomposição de áreas degradadas, pelo seu imenso potencial de atração de fauna, em especial pássaros.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Xylopia </i>quer dizer madeira amarga, <i>sericea </i>diz respeito ao indumento seríceo da face dorsal das folhas. Já o nome popular pindaíba tem origem incerta. Diversas versões são citadas por fontes diversas. Há quem diga ser originário do quimbundo <i>mbindaíba</i>, que significaria miséria. Mas também se fala em origem tupi-guarani, com significados como anzol ruim ou vara de pescar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Mas para o povo, pindaíba é dureza mesmo...</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-40422007000400015&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt">https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-40422007000400015&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.programaarboretum.eco.br/especie/67/pindaiba-vermelha">https://www.programaarboretum.eco.br/especie/67/pindaiba-vermelha</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.programaarboretum.eco.br/especie/67/pindaiba-vermelha">https://www.programaarboretum.eco.br/especie/67/pindaiba-vermelha</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.editora.puc-rio.br/media/ebook_marcas_homem_na_floresta.pdf">http://www.editora.puc-rio.br/media/ebook_marcas_homem_na_floresta.pdf</a></div>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-28648938632746413382020-07-19T16:32:00.004-03:002020-08-04T17:28:59.161-03:00ÁRVORE DA QUARENTENA: FIGUEIRA-DA-PEDRA - OUTRA ESPÉCIE DA MATA DO CAMBOATÁ<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bCuzg9D96oo/XxSWWEgwKsI/AAAAAAAAESo/DWVHZYKrunw9VpOV8xtdTpIf4vgrKUeQQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/image001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="432" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bCuzg9D96oo/XxSWWEgwKsI/AAAAAAAAESo/DWVHZYKrunw9VpOV8xtdTpIf4vgrKUeQQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/image001.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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http://www.colecionandofrutas.com.br/ficusenormilus.htm </div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oLMS9Vtt_As/XxSVyui_yzI/AAAAAAAAESg/9CaRS7atXEkKOa7HqORsm7KndIDx1-OywCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/3-Ficus-enormis-Martius-ex-Miguel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="800" height="239" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oLMS9Vtt_As/XxSVyui_yzI/AAAAAAAAESg/9CaRS7atXEkKOa7HqORsm7KndIDx1-OywCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/3-Ficus-enormis-Martius-ex-Miguel.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
https://sites.unicentro.br/wp/manejoflorestal/files/2012/03/3-Ficus-enormis-Martius-ex-Miguel.jpg<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vLDEAjRXWbo/XxSVT519tCI/AAAAAAAAESY/DzM2gWNFXc4NPqTeVaWWlpk9Q3m3fwcMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/image002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="456" height="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vLDEAjRXWbo/XxSVT519tCI/AAAAAAAAESY/DzM2gWNFXc4NPqTeVaWWlpk9Q3m3fwcMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/image002.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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http://www.colecionandofrutas.com.br/ficusenormilus.htm</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5_FarAGKIZ4/XxD6yGKgBAI/AAAAAAAAERE/kybYKbOcEfQ0wH6KkcWSzETx89RKm_ckwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/server.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="369" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5_FarAGKIZ4/XxD6yGKgBAI/AAAAAAAAERE/kybYKbOcEfQ0wH6KkcWSzETx89RKm_ckwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/server.jpeg" width="196" /></a></div>
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http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/geral/ExibeFiguraFSIUC/ExibeFiguraFSIUC.do?idFigura=260796071</div>
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<b style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";">Plantae → Rosiidae → Rosales→ Moraceae→ </span><span style="color: #333333;"><i>Ficus enormis </i>(Miq.) Miq.</span></b><br />
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Conhecida como figueira-da-pedra, tem como outro nome comum caxingubaí, que significa, em tupi-guarani, árvore copada (<a href="https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/539473/001035140.pdf">https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/539473/001035140.pdf</a>)</div>
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Desenvolve-se muitas vezes sobre pedras, daí seu nome mais comum. Outra ocorrência comum é em axilas de folhas de palmeiras. Tem comportamento estrangulador quando desenvolve-se sobre outras plantas.</div>
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Seu látex é usado na medicina popular para combate a vermes intestinais, da mesma forma que outras figueiras, como <i>F. insipida, F. luschnatiana </i>ou <i>F. adhatodifolia.</i></div>
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O epíteto específico <i>enormis </i>decorre do material originalmente coletado por Martius em São Paulo, provavelmente oriundo de uma grande árvore.</div>
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As figueiras são consideradas espécie-chave, ou seja, possuem um impacto no ecossistema proporcionalmente grande em relação a sua ocorrência (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312122?seq=1">Mills, Soulé e Doake, 1993</a>).</div>
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Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-91255536457830485462020-06-14T20:19:00.003-03:002020-07-16T21:57:52.767-03:00ÁRVORES DA QUARENTENA: CAMBOATÁ-BRANCO<br />
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<img alt="Cupania | Cupania oblongifolia - | Maria /Amethist | Flickr" height="300" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4009/4683355743_6a8a616a70_b.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/mariasg/4683355743</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ItXzmjfJZsc/XxD3L8bfcbI/AAAAAAAAEQ4/rA0_HaCv4Uw992ulpOWZdueCEiBgeXBuQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/50875333_788603501498709_3810782314028335104_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ItXzmjfJZsc/XxD3L8bfcbI/AAAAAAAAEQ4/rA0_HaCv4Uw992ulpOWZdueCEiBgeXBuQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/50875333_788603501498709_3810782314028335104_o.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Foto de Mateus Prati Serrano. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=788603498165376&set=gm.2031082180294689&type=3&theater&ifg=1</span></div>
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<img height="309" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6PwFLwaz7Uk/Tx1EJqfIa2I/AAAAAAAAZbg/TNbNMSbQaYA/s400/cupania%2Boblongifolia04.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="color: #333333;">http://ilovenature123.blogspot.com/2012/01/arvores-do-brasil-camboata-26.html</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial unicode ms";">Plantae → Magnoliidae → Sapindales→ Sapindaceae→ </span><i><span style="color: #333333;">Cupania oblongifolia </span></i><span style="color: #333333;">Mart.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333;">Biomas</span></b><span style="color: #333333;">:
Mata Atlântica, Amazônia, Cerrado</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">Estados de Ocorrência: </span></b><span style="color: #333333;">Norte: PA, AP; Nordeste: BA, PI, AL, PE, PB, RN; Sudeste:
RJ, ES, SP, MG; Sul: PR, SC, RS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Um
lugar que tem sido muito citado nos últimos meses, especialmente no estado do
Rio de Janeiro, é a Mata do Camboatá. Neste local, situado na região de menor
IDH da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, pretende-se construir um autódromo,
destruindo-se neste processo a última Floresta de Baixada da zona Norte e
subúrbio, que é também um dos últimos remanescentes deste ecossistema em toda a
Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Falaremos
em outra postagem sobre as florestas de baixada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Mas quem é o camboatá?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Diversas
árvores da família Sapindaceae, em especial dos gêneros <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cupania </i>(o mesmo do guaraná) e <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Matayba
</i>são assim alcunhadas. São espécies geralmente cosmopolitas, embora a
família assuma maior importância estrutural em florestas estacionais.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Aqui
trataremos de uma espécie bastante comum, o camboatá-branco, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cupania oblongifolia, </i>o camboatá-branco,
ou camboatá-da-folha-grande, ou covatã, ou pau-magro.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Essa
espécie está presente em todos os estágios da floresta, sendo bastante
relevante nos estágios iniciais. É sempre encontrada nos levantamentos
florísticos e fitossociológicos em florestas secundárias na Mata Atlântica. A </span><a href="https://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/202/_arquivos/conama_res_cons_1994_006_estgios_sucessionais_de_florestas_rj_202.pdf"><span style="color: #1155cc;">Resolução CONAMA 06/1994</span></a><span style="color: #333333;"> a enquadra como indicadora do Estágio Médio de sucessão.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Em
consulta aos “</span><a href="http://memoria.bn.br/pdf/402630/per402630_1942_00064.pdf"><span style="color: #1155cc;">Estudos Sobre o Nheengatu</span></a><span style="color: #333333;">”, de Vicente Chermont de Miranda, encontramos a palavra
camboatá derivada de tamuatá; o autor discute a complexa etimologia deste nome.
Tamuatá viria de <i>caa, </i>mata, e <i>mboata</i>, o que serpenteia, em
referência a um peixe que se locomoveria entre entre corpos d´água em períodos
de seca. No entanto, este termo é considerado controverso pelo autor. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Uma
possível interpretação para o termo, que só vi na página <a href="http://www.colecionandofrutas.com.br/floresta.htm">Colecionando Frutas</a>,
é “galho forte”. Tomando-se <i>caa </i>como algo relacionado a plantas, galhos,
e <i>atã </i>como algo duro, pode-se assumir esta interpretação. Mas que fique
claro, é algo muito pessoal, não sou linguista.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Mas
talvez esta etimologia explique o fato de o camboatá oferecer excelentes cabos
para ferramentas. Além disso, a árvore se presta a outros usos: construção
civil, movelaria, esquadrias e lenha, além de ser excelente pasto apícola e
espécie medicinal. A árvore tem de 7 a 18 metros de altura, com copa alongada,
folhas alternas, compostas, pinadas, ferrugíneas e tomentosas. A árvore é reta,
de casca pouco rugosa e clara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">Uma característica de identificação do gênero <i>Cupania </i>é a presença de um folíolo abortado no ápice do ramo, denominado apículo. É bem visível na segunda foto do início dessa postagem.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><o:p>As fotos dessa postagem foram retiradas de páginas da internet e estão devidamente referenciadas.</o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333;">Fontes:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;"><a href="https://www.bdpa.cnptia.embrapa.br/consulta/busca?b=ad&biblioteca=vazio&busca=autoria:%22LORENZI,%20H.%22"><span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;">Lorenzi, H.</span></a> <a href="https://www.bdpa.cnptia.embrapa.br/consulta/busca?b=ad&id=302945&biblioteca=vazio&busca=autoria:%22LORENZI,%20H.%22&qFacets=autoria:%22LORENZI,%20H.%22&sort=&paginacao=t&paginaAtual=1"><span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;">Árvores brasileiras:
manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil.</span></a> Nova
Odessa: Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora, 1998. v. 2, 352 p.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/202/_arquivos/conama_res_cons_1994_006_estgios_sucessionais_de_florestas_rj_202.pdf"><span style="color: #1155cc;">https://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/202/_arquivos/conama_res_cons_1994_006_estgios_sucessionais_de_florestas_rj_202.pdf</span></a><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.embrapa.br/documents/1355054/26025431/SITE+ARVORES_FICHA_23_Cupania+oblongifolia.pdf/83899036-a8e6-2bc7-d518-412b66df5628"><span style="color: #1155cc;">https://www.embrapa.br/documents/1355054/26025431/SITE+ARVORES_FICHA_23_Cupania+oblongifolia.pdf/83899036-a8e6-2bc7-d518-412b66df5628</span></a><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://memoria.bn.br/pdf/402630/per402630_1942_00064.pdf"><span style="color: #1155cc;">http://memoria.bn.br/pdf/402630/per402630_1942_00064.pdf</span></a><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-13244727499597883972020-05-15T22:20:00.000-03:002020-05-19T20:38:36.840-03:00E-BOOK GRATUITO - ESTRANGEIROS NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;">Car@s, apresento a vocês minha primeira publicação digital.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Muitas espécies arbóreas vindas de vários lugares do mundo, e mesmo de outros pontos do Brasil, estão há tanto tempo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro que já fazem parte da paisagem e da cultura carioca.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Estas árvores estão presentes em ruas, praças, parques e quintais, e muitas estão há tanto tempo entre nós, e são tão comuns, que são tidas por muitos como legitimamente nativas.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">E possuem histórias peculiares, que fazem parte da memória universal.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Para baixar a publicação, basta clicar no título abaixo:</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CLFrD7YZKgsZztZZYwTdvb-aTGYcQe-0/view?usp=sharing">Estrangeiros na cidade do Rio de Janeiro:características e histórias de algumas espécies exóticas presentes no cotidiano carioca</a></b></span><br />
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<br />Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-56796022245666285482020-03-31T12:54:00.000-03:002020-03-31T12:59:50.760-03:00ÁRVORE DA SEMANA - COCÃO<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Plantae → Rosidae → Malpighiales → Erythroxylaceae→ </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">Erythroxylum deciduum</i></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;"> A. St.-Hill.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A árvore da semana é uma discreta representante de formações secundárias em quase todo o Brasil extra-Amazônico. Sua família possui quatro gêneros, dos quais Erythroxylum representa 258 de 267 espécies da família.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">O gênero <i>Erythroxylum </i>abriga entre suas espécies <i>E. coca</i>, do qual se extrai a mal afamada cocaína. E suas folhas, atualmente descocainizadas, são utilizadas como aromatizante do icônico refrigerante Coca-Cola. Aliás, os Estados Unidos são os maiores compradores legais de folhas de coca, planta que representa fonte de divisas para a Bolívia e faz parte da cultura andina.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Estudos atestam potencial antioxidante da espécie <i>E. deciduum</i>; porém, como todo remédio em quantidade não prescrita, também tem registro de toxicidade em ovinos. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A espécie tem grande interação com a fauna; suas flores são visitadas e polinizadas por abelhas e outros insetos, e seus frutos são adequados para consumo por pequenos pássaros. Pequenos macacos também os consomem; um dos nomes da espécie é <i>saguimba</i>, que em tupi-guarani significa "comida de saguí". Por essa razão, deve ser utilizada em programas de restauração florestal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">As fotos foram tomadas em 12 de dezembro de 2019, No Campo de Santana, centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O mapa de ocorrência da espécie é um instantâneo tomado na página da espécie na plataforma <a href="http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB7698" target="_blank">REFLORA</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Bibliografia consultada:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #373737;">LORENZI, H. </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #373737; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Árvores brasileiras</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #373737;">: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil. 2. Ed. Nova Odessa, SP: editora Plantarum, 1998. 352 p.</span></span></div>
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http://www.colecionandofrutas.com.br/erythroxylumdecidu.htm<br />
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http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Erythroxylaceae/<br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB7698</span></span><br />
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/mundo/ft2503200108.htm</span></span><br />
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://sites.unicentro.br/wp/manejoflorestal/8496-2/</span></span><br />
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2004000300009</span></span><br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span>Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-80878173429183035642020-03-25T15:47:00.002-03:002020-03-25T18:37:24.451-03:00COMO IDENTIFICAR ESPÉCIES? PARTE I - ORGANIZAÇÃO GERAL DA COLETA, REGISTRO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO PRELIMINAR <div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Esenbeckia grandiflora</i> Mart., Rutaceae. Guaxupita. Coletada em 2017 no bairro de Laranjeiras.</span></div>
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A identificação botânica é necessária em diversos aspectos do nosso dia-a-dia. Pesquisa básica, licenciamento ambiental, medicina popular: a lista de aplicações é extensa. Saber o nome de uma espécie é o primeiro passo para conhecer e explorar seus usos e potenciais. Mas como proceder para uma identificação o mais fiel possível?</div>
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PRIMEIRO PASSO: SAIBA COM O QUE ESTÁ LIDANDO.</div>
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Procure saber o bioma em que estão situadas sua espécies. Qual sua de ocorrência. Qual o ambiente preferencial. São raras? Ameaçadas? Endêmicas?</div>
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No caso de levantamentos amplos, em locais determinados, estas informações devem preceder o início das atividades de campo. Recolher previamente todas as informações sobre o recorte espacial poupa tempo, recursos e paciência.</div>
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E sabendo de antemão a área do levantamento de flora, procure saber se já existem outros estudos em escala local ou regional. Teses, dissertações, artigos, floras, flórulas, chaves...todo o material possível deve ser compilado. além disso, os materiais de referência em fitossociologia, dendrologia e sistemática devem ser consultados, assim como os cada vez mais populares guias de campo.</div>
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Busque imagens, senão de todas as espécies, tarefa quase impossível, ao menos das mais importantes, devidamente identificadas em levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos. As espécies mais abundantes, as de mais ampla distribuição, as de maior Valor de Importância fitossociológico. Você com certeza irá se deparar com elas em algum momento do se trabalho.</div>
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Busque suas imagens em fontes seguras. O site do jardim Botânico dá acesso a várias plataformas, como <a href="http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ConsultaPublicaUC.do#CondicaoTaxonCP" target="_blank">REFLORA</a> e <a href="http://rb.jbrj.gov.br/v2/consulta.php" target="_blank">JABOT</a>. É possível fazer buscas por estado, bioma, local de coleta. O JABOT possui imagens de herbário, como <a href="http://rb.jbrj.gov.br/v2/templaterb2.php?colbot=rb&codtestemunho=01376229&arquivo=01376229.JPG" target="_blank">esta aqui</a>, da Fabaceae <i>Dalbergia nigra</i>, o lendário jacarandá-da-Bahia, coletada em Silva Jardim/RJ.</div>
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SEGUNDO PASSO: COLETE DIREITO!</div>
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No mundo real nem sempre é assim, mas no mundo ideal a coleta botânica um levantamento florístico o fitossociológico deve cobrir ao menos um ano inteiro. A ideia é cobrir o período de floração de todas as espécies ao longo de um ano. Melhor ainda se puder ultrapassar este período; nem todas as espécies de floresta tropical florescem anualmente. Diversas climácicas têm floração com intervalos de mais de dois anos.</div>
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Independente da coleta de estruturas reprodutivas, é fundamental registrar todas as informações vegetativas. Folhas inteiras ou compostas, alternas ou opostas (ainda há as verticiladas), odores, exsudações, cor das exsudações, látex, resinas, ritidomas, padrões de distribuição das folhas...todo e qualquer caracter deve ser anotado. </div>
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Colete uma quantidade de amostras suficientes para a eventual necessidade de envio a diferentes herbários. E tire fotos, muitas fotos, de tudo. Hoje com recursos digitais há maior possibilidade de obtenção de imagens em quantidade e qualidade. mas tente estabelecer uma organização dos dados, a fim de facilitar o acesso posterior ao que foi registrado. E faça imagens com melhor qualidade possível, inclusive com detalhes em macro. </div>
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Herborize corretamente suas amostras. Falar sobre técnicas de herborização não é o foco dessa postagem, e irei abordar esse assunto em outra publicação. Mas cabe dizer que devem ser usados instrumento corretos para coleta, como tesouras de coleta e podões; devem ser coletadas estruturas íntegras e com caracteres morfológicos que facilitem a identificação; os registros fotográficos devem ser feitos com o material ainda fresco; e a secagem deve ser feita rapidamente, a fim de evitar fungos e outros agentes decompositores. <a href="https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/315636/1/Doc173.pdf" target="_blank">Um bom manual de herborização é este aqui, da EMBRAPA</a>.</div>
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E tombe suas amostras em um herbário registrado. É muito bom ter um nome de coletor e um número de coleta no seu nome.</div>
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TERCEIRO PASSO: USE A INFORMAÇÃO A SEU FAVOR.</div>
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Naturalmente, uma triagem prévia deverá ser feita. que espécies consigo identificar de imediato? Em quais chego ao menos até o nível de família? Feita esta organização, deve-se utilizar chaves analíticas para identificar as espécies. Buscar apoio nos já mencionados guias de campo, especialmente se forem referentes á flora do local estudado.</div>
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O caminho tradicional é levar as amostras a herbário para comparação. Como já falado anteriormente, hoje há herbários em versão eletrônica <i>online</i>, que permitem a consulta a imagens de alta qualidade. Alguns sites são especializados, como a base <a href="https://ildis.org/index.shtml" target="_blank">ILDIS</a>, exclusiva para leguminosas.</div>
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Faça contato com os especialistas nas famílias que conseguir identificar, e com os generalistas também. Você pode conseguir boas informações para seu trabalho, e de quebra ampliar a base de dados de um pesquisador. Todos ganham. E é nesse momento que aquelas imagens de boa qualidade em macro que você tirou no campo podem fazer a diferença para ajudar o especialista.</div>
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Existem fóruns em redes sociais, como o <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/identificacaobotanica/" target="_blank">Identificação Botânica </a>e o <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/171157419593991/" target="_blank">DetWeb</a>, do Facebook que podem ajudar a dirimir dúvidas; muito destes espaços contam com pesquisadores e especialistas. Procure seguir as regras dos grupos, a fim de conseguir rapidez e qualidade na sua identificação. E lembre-se: os fóruns são um apoio, não a principal fonte de informação.</div>
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E não esqueça: deposite e tombe suas amostras em herbário registrado. Reitero que é muito bom ter um nome de coletor e um número de coleta no seu nome.</div>
Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-22928659148350154702020-03-23T11:32:00.000-03:002020-03-23T11:32:15.690-03:00ÁRVORE DA SEMANA - CRINDIÚVA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;">Plantae → Rosidae→ Rosales → Cannabaceae→ <i>Trema
micrantha</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;"> (L.)
Blume<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A árvore dessa semana também poderia ser dita arvoreta da semana. A crindiúva, ou curindiba, ou pau-pólvora, ou candiúba, ou periquiteira, ou orindeúva...a quantidade de nomes vulgares é indicativa de sua dispersão em todo o território nacional, e muito além dele: a espécie está presente em toda a América Tropical.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Espécie pioneira de vida curta mas intensa, amplamente dispersa por aves generalistas, atraídas por seus frutinhos vermelhos. Um quilo de sementes tem até 135 mil unidades. Devido a seu eficiente transporte aéreo, é uma das primeiras a chegar em clareiras e mesmo terrenos abandonados, inclusive em áreas urbanizadas. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Há registro de alcançar porte de 6 metros em 14 meses. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">É considerada espécie multipropósito, pois se presta a recuperação de áreas degradadas, melhoramento de solos, sustento da avifauna, forragem para gado (o excesso pode causar intoxicação em equinos), uso medicinal como antiinlamatório e tratamento de feridas. É uma nativa de uso potencial em sistemas agroflorestais.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A celulose extraída a partir de 4 anos de plantio é equivalente à de <i>Eucalyptus saligna, </i>ou superior<i>.</i>Fornece ótima lenha e carvão, utilizado em fabrico de pólvora, daí seu nome pau-pólvora.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">As fotos foram tomadas em junho de 2019, na Escola Técnica Estadual Adolpho Bloch, no Maracanã (primeira imagem) e no início de março de 2020, antes da quarentena, no bairro de Bonsucesso.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Fontes: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">CARVALHO, P.E.R. </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Espécies Arbóreas Brasileiras. </strong><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Coleção Espécies Arbóreas Brasileiras, vol. 1.</span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </strong><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px;">Brasília: Embrapa Informações Tecnológica; Colombo, PR: Embrapa Florestas, 2003. 1.039 p.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">LORENZI,
H. <b>Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas
nativas do Brasil.</b> Nova Odessa: Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora, 1992.
v. 1, 368 p.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">SANCHOTENE, M. do C. C.</span><b style="font-size: 12pt;"> Frutíferas nativas utéis a fauna na arborização urbana</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. Porto Alegre: SAGRA, 1989 304 p.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.embrapa.br/documents/1355054/26025431/SITE+ARVORES_FICHA_75_Trema+micrantha.pdf/8edaef96-def7-5b1d-0f5d-68ae58945b38">https://www.embrapa.br/documents/1355054/26025431/SITE+ARVORES_FICHA_75_Trema+micrantha.pdf/8edaef96-def7-5b1d-0f5d-68ae58945b38</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1006063010677">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1006063010677</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pvb/v33n11/v33n11a09.pdf">http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pvb/v33n11/v33n11a09.pdf</a></div>
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Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-76005050147436297032020-03-16T09:16:00.000-03:002020-03-23T08:10:30.611-03:00ÁRVORE DA SEMANA - PAINEIRA-ROSA<br />
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333;">Plantae → Rosidae→ Malvales → Malvaceae→ <i>Ceiba speciosa</i> (A.
St.-Hil.) Ravenna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A árvore desta semana é muito conhecida dos cariocas, em particular: a paineira-rosa. É comum nesta cidade a ponto de um ponto bastante visitado do Parque Nacional da Tijuca, conhecido por suas cachoeiras, ser denominado de Paineiras.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">O nome paineira vem da paina, palavra originada do malaio </span><i style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #404040;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">paññí</span></i><span style="font-size: large;">, uma fibra leve e macia que preenche o interior de seus frutos e serve como meio de dispersão de suas pequenas sementes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Seu nome científico é <i>Ceiba speciosa, </i>sendo <i>Ceiba </i>derivado de uma palavra do taino, língua indígena da região do caribe, que significa canoa, dada a leveza e flutuabilidade de sua madeira. E <i>speciosa </i>é palavra latina que significa vistosa, o que é explicado pela imponência da árvore e pela beleza de suas flores.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">É polinizada principalmente por borboletas (índrome de polinização denominada psicofilia), embora morcegos e beija-flores também a visitem. A dispersão, como já citado, é anemocórica, ou seja, ação dos ventos (<i>ánemos</i> é o deus do vento, o próprio vento, em grego). A floração acontece de dezembro a maio, e a frutificação em setembro. Estes dados são referentes ao Rio de Janeiro; outros estados têm períodos diferentes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Seu potencial paisagístico a torna uma das espécies mais utilizadas em arborização urbana, assim como sua interação com a fauna de polinizadores a torna indispensável na restauração florestal. O uso econômico é limitado, pela baixa qualidade de sua madeira. No entanto, sua paina tem bom valor comercial, já tendo sido exportada, pois se presta a isolamento acústico e preenchimento de coletes salva-vidas, casacos e travesseiros.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">As foto foram tomadas em um humilde celular, no mês de março de 2020 no entorno da prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, à exceção da primeira foto, um espetacular espécime existente no Campo de Santana, fotografado em meados de 2019, á frente de uma soberba figueira indiana provavelmente <i>Ficus microcarpa</i>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Fontes:</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.cnpf.embrapa.br/pesquisa/efb/">https://www.cnpf.embrapa.br/pesquisa/efb/</a></div>
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<a href="http://flora.ipe.org.br/sp/148?pdf=1">http://flora.ipe.org.br/sp/148?pdf=1</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/goog_815872521"><br /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.embrapa.br/documents/1355054/26025431/SITE+ARVORES_FICHA_17_Ceiba+speciosa.pdf/c45425e9-0ac6-a5a2-40ac-d489f087ad97">https://www.embrapa.br/documents/1355054/26025431/SITE+ARVORES_FICHA_17_Ceiba+speciosa.pdf/c45425e9-0ac6-a5a2-40ac-d489f087ad97</a></div>
Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-53270670694964501722020-03-08T18:57:00.000-03:002020-03-08T18:57:51.606-03:00ÁRVORE DA SEMANA - ARAÇÁ-AMARELO<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PDt3OUXD_58/XmVTQ8KBMeI/AAAAAAAAEGo/dJNKHqeiG4klmj2AhK1CH-kaoJJPEsoRQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200112_093928733_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PDt3OUXD_58/XmVTQ8KBMeI/AAAAAAAAEGo/dJNKHqeiG4klmj2AhK1CH-kaoJJPEsoRQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/IMG_20200112_093928733_HDR.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-puMGkmT1U-0/XmVTZkRqe4I/AAAAAAAAEHA/gmNPqm_E154vNBPsogMNc5OTlQ0f5-qoACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200224_111705069.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-puMGkmT1U-0/XmVTZkRqe4I/AAAAAAAAEHA/gmNPqm_E154vNBPsogMNc5OTlQ0f5-qoACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/IMG_20200224_111705069.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Plantae → Rosidae→ Myrtales → Myrtaceae</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">→ <i>Psidium cattleyanum </i>Sabine</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Das muitas espécies denominadas araçás, do gênero <i>Psidium</i>, uma das mais comuns é o <i>Psidium cattleyanum</i>, ou araçá-amarelo, ou apenas araçá. </span><span style="font-size: large;">A espécie se distribui principalmente em Mata Atlântica, em estados litorâneos, com interiorização para Cerrado e Caatinga. Está presente em áreas abertas e estágios iniciais de sucessão, sendo inclusive considerada indicadora por legislação específica.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Araçá em tupi-guarani significa "fruto que tem olhos", pois as sépalas que permanecem no fruto dão a aparência de um olho. As fotos desta postagens são auto-explicativas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Fora de sua área de ocorrência natural, é considerada uma espécie de grande potencial invasivo. Produz frutos muito atrativos à fauna, grande quantidade de sementes viáveis, rebrota a partir de tocos e raízes, e pode formar estandes puros. </span><span style="font-size: large;">É considerada invasora especialmente em ecossistemas insulares na Ásia e na Oceania.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Tem potencial para formar cortinas vegetais em sistemas agroflorestais, uso medicinal como antidiarreico, uso na alimentação e para recomposição de áreas degradadas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Por seu pequeno porte (até 6 metros de altura), se mostra uma espécie potencial para utilização em arborização sob redes de distribuição de baixa tensão. Este é exatamente o uso mostrado nas fotos desta postagem, tomadas no bairro de Olaria entre os meses de janeiro e março de 2020.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Fontes: </span></div>
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<a href="http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB10858">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB10858</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/202/_arquivos/conama_res_cons_1994_006_estgios_sucessionais_de_florestas_rj_202.pdf" target="_blank">RESOLUÇÃO CONAMA nº 6, de 4 de maio de 1994</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=59" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Global Invasive Species Database (2020) Species profile: </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px;">Psidium cattleianum</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=59 on 08-03-2020.</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2534-8">https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2534-8</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiI-bWC74voAhWOH7kGHRFqB5QQFjABegQIBhAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcadernos.aba-agroecologia.org.br%2Findex.php%2Fcadernos%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1686%2F1100%2F&usg=AOvVaw0R28H-f6twRXmGWdo5aD-_" target="_blank">Projeto e implantação participativos de cortina vegetal multipropósito- Sítio Terra Verde, Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil</a></div>
Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-48607328630211146622020-03-02T16:43:00.000-03:002020-03-02T16:54:32.890-03:00ÁRVORE DA SEMANA - AROEIRINHA<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Plantae → Rosiidae→ Sapindales → Anacardiaceae </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">→ <i>Schinus terebinthifolia </i>Raddi</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="line-height: 0.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 1;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: #ffffff;">A
árvore desta semana é comum, de ampla dispersão, de pequeno porte
e muito presente na rotina do brasileiro. Está presente
especialmente, nos estados litorâneos, desde a região Nordeste
(Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte,
Sergipe), Sudeste (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de
Janeiro, São Paulo), Sul (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina), e interiorizando-se para a região Centro-Oeste
(Mato Grosso do Sul). </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />A
aroeirinha, aroeira-vermelha, aroeira-pimenteira, é comum em áreas
de baixada, margens de rios, áreas úmidas e restingas. Espécie
pioneira e de rápido crescimento, é amplamente dispersa por sua
alta atratividade para pequenas aves.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />Sendo
uma típica espécie tutora da regeneração natural de florestas, se
presta de forma esplêndida para atividades de recomposição da
flora nativa, especialmente por sua precocidade na produção de
frutos; sua frutificação dura praticamente metade do ano. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />Por
suas características de ampla produção de furtos, atratividade à
avifauna, alta germinação e formação de populações puras, é
considerada invasora fora de seu ambiente natural. No estado da
Flórida, nos Estados Unidos, é considerada a principal espécie
invasora, causando reações alérgicas na população.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />São
muitos os usos dados à aroeirinha. Além das atividades de
restauração florestal, é usada como espécie ornamental. Seus
frutos são usados como tempero, muito apreciado em preparações
sofisticadas. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />O
uso medicinal é amplo, sendo muito conhecida como cicatrizante e
antiinflamatória. Também funciona como tripanocida, larvicida
contra </span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Aedes
aegypti </i></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;">e
inseticida. Tem efeito antibacteriano e regenerador de tecidos. Está
na Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS
- RENISUS.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />As
fotografias desta postagem foram tomadas nos bairros de Ramos e
Olaria, entre 26/02/2020 e 01/03/2020, e registram indivíduos de
arborização urbana e quintais.</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Fontes:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/downloads/2016_GROUP_Botanical%20Journal%20of%20the%20Linnean%20Society.pdf">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/downloads/2016_GROUP_Botanical%20Journal%20of%20the%20Linnean%20Society.pdf</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1052499/cultivo-da-aroeira-vermelha-schinus-terebinthifolius-raddi-para-producao-de-pimenta-rosa">https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/147129/1/Doc-294-1270-Completo.pdf</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://servicos.jbrj.gov.br/flora/search/Schinus_terebinthifolia">http://servicos.jbrj.gov.br/flora/search/Schinus_terebinthifolia</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/southeast-area/fort-lauderdale-fl/iprl/docs/schinus-terebinthifolius-brazilian-pepper-tree/">https://www.ars.usda.gov/southeast-area/fort-lauderdale-fl/iprl/docs/schinus-terebinthifolius-brazilian-pepper-tree/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.gvaa.com.br/revista/index.php/RVADS/article/view/3455/3451">https://www.gvaa.com.br/revista/index.php/RVADS/article/view/3455/3451</a><br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8477551163430738464.post-66040022007232930402020-02-23T21:46:00.000-03:002020-02-28T20:02:35.827-03:00ÁRVORE DA SEMANA - ALDRAGO<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GJkaQE41t6g/XlMQ39ZEr3I/AAAAAAAAEDU/ZxcdCERgy_sh0FNPNF0o08ELRB3j13wXACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200221_071036828.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GJkaQE41t6g/XlMQ39ZEr3I/AAAAAAAAEDU/ZxcdCERgy_sh0FNPNF0o08ELRB3j13wXACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_20200221_071036828.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eZTXtRMkKJw/XlMQ37iP7vI/AAAAAAAAEDY/3OjoeQgvg8MNDGTkmz-9P83pgPfkahcBACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200221_071058578.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eZTXtRMkKJw/XlMQ37iP7vI/AAAAAAAAEDY/3OjoeQgvg8MNDGTkmz-9P83pgPfkahcBACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/IMG_20200221_071058578.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M7lbNNBC6b0/XlMQ3BE9pUI/AAAAAAAAEDQ/9BRYixAOSkYgsf4njAQU50jr0SFcdkX-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200112_103713095.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M7lbNNBC6b0/XlMQ3BE9pUI/AAAAAAAAEDQ/9BRYixAOSkYgsf4njAQU50jr0SFcdkX-wCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/IMG_20200112_103713095.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q8Qt5AFU4jI/XlMRA0mfX3I/AAAAAAAAEDk/CUovpPcw9r8gqb9v7TOLUXg_9QTwmcPnwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200221_071428387.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q8Qt5AFU4jI/XlMRA0mfX3I/AAAAAAAAEDk/CUovpPcw9r8gqb9v7TOLUXg_9QTwmcPnwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/IMG_20200221_071428387.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TNlqCV8634A/XlMQ5n4EDLI/AAAAAAAAEDg/c1XianJyceE89NazyEhvlxeiWiP673NAQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200221_071449905.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TNlqCV8634A/XlMQ5n4EDLI/AAAAAAAAEDg/c1XianJyceE89NazyEhvlxeiWiP673NAQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/IMG_20200221_071449905.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o4cfKuT1lr4/XlMQ4Yqil5I/AAAAAAAAEDc/o9NFTaQX7VA8vldQJ14u5TJ6hpeD2G4JACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_20200221_071303546.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o4cfKuT1lr4/XlMQ4Yqil5I/AAAAAAAAEDc/o9NFTaQX7VA8vldQJ14u5TJ6hpeD2G4JACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/IMG_20200221_071303546.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<img height="278" src="https://sites.unicentro.br/wp/manejoflorestal/files/2012/06/3-Pterocarpus-rohrii-Vahl.jpg" width="400" /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: justify;">Fotos: Claudio Santana, 2019 e 2020, exceto a última, obtida em https://sites.unicentro.br/wp/manejoflorestal/files/2012/06/3-Pterocarpus-rohrii-Vahl.jpg</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">Plantae → Rosiidae→ Fabales→ Fabaceae </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">→ <i>Pterocarpus rohrii </i>Vahl.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large; text-align: justify;">A árvore eleita para essa semana carnavalesca é uma espécie bastante comum, de ocorrência do Sul da Bahia e Minas Gerais, até o estado do Paraná, seguindo o litoral. No entanto, o projeto REFLORA (JBRJ) a registra para todo o território nacional. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;">O aldrago, ou pau-sangue, entre outros nomes, possui esse nome porque quando tem sua casca ferida exsuda uma seiva avermelhada, lembrando sangue. Obviamente não feri árvores de arborização pública para demonstrar tal fenômeno.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;">A espécie possui múltiplos usos, sendo que no caso de aproveitamento industrial, por sua madeira ser leve e pouco resistente, se presta principalmente a usos internos e processamento industrial. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Farrapo </span><i style="color: black;">et. al. </i><span style="font-size: small;">(2014) testaram diversas proporções de incorporação de partículas de aldrago em mistura com </span><i style="color: black;">Pinus oocarpa </i><span style="font-size: small;">na produção de painéis aglomerados, constatando que não há perda de propriedades destes painéis utilizando-se até 40% de </span><i style="color: black;">Pterocarpus rohrii</i><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;">Inegavelmente, seu uso mais conhecido é o ornamental. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro é muito utilizada na arborização urbana e paisagismo. Grandes exemplares são registrados no Aterro do Flamengo, já nas proximidades da Praça Cuhautemoc. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;">Suas sementes são de boa viabilidade em armazenamento, sua germinação é moderada, assim como seu crescimento em viveiro. O crescimento a pleno sol é de médio a lento, sendo melhor quando plantada sob a proteção de espécies de crescimento rápido.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-align: justify;">As informações aqui apresentadas foram obtidas nas seguintes fontes:</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Lorenzi, H. - Árvores Brasileiras Volume 1 - </span><a href="https://amzn.to/2Veo32w" style="font-size: x-large;">https://amzn.to/2Veo32w</a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; text-align: center;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB23136">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB23136</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.uesc.br/editora/livrosdigitais2015/nossas_arvores.pdf">http://www.uesc.br/editora/livrosdigitais2015/nossas_arvores.pdf</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/scientia/nr103/cap02.pdf">https://www.ipef.br/publicacoes/scientia/nr103/cap02.pdf</a></span><br />
<br /></div>
Claudio Santanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01058878773543561674noreply@blogger.com0